9th NCERT SOLUTION on the Chapter : People As Resources

NCERT SOLUTION

Chapter: People As Resources 

1. What do you understand by ‘people as a resource’?

1. ‘People as a resource’ is a term that means how the population can be an asset and not a liability. 
2. It is a way of referring to the working class of society in terms of their existing productive skills and abilities. 
3. The population becomes human capital when an investment is made in the form of education and training. 
4. Education and health also help human beings to be an asset to the economy. 
5. Thus, people as a resource refers to the working population that results in the development of society.

2. How are human resources different from other resources like land and physical Capital?

Human resources are different from other resources like land and physical capital because human beings can use other resources efficiently to give the best productive output. However, resources like land and physical capital are dependent on human resources for their use and cannot give any productive output all by themselves.

3. What is the role of education in human capital formation?

Education plays a very important role in human capital formation for the following reasons:

1. An educated human can be considered an asset for the economy and not a liability.
2. Education can help an individual make better use of economic opportunities. 
3. It helps in enhancing the national income, cultural richness and increases the efficiency of the Government.
4. It enhances individual productivity in terms of quality and quantity.
5. Being educated can help the economic status of an individual, it also develops the consciousness towards society.
6. An educated person is also aware of health and hygiene, and it will ultimately result in better health for the people of a country.

4. What is the role of health in human capital formation?

Health plays a very important role in human capital formation in the following ways:

1. If an individual is healthy, they may have better immunity to fight illness.
2. Being healthy will also increase the overall outcome of an individual.
3. The health of an individual is directly proportional to the work he does. 
4. Thus better health will increase efficiency and productivity.

5. What part does health play in the individual’s working life?

1. If an individual is healthy, then they may be able to give a better outcome in terms of their work lives. 
2. The efficiency of a healthy person is higher than that of an unhealthy person. 
3. A healthy person can spend more time working in comparison to an unhealthy person.
4.  Hence, health plays a very important role in an individual’s working life.

6. What are the various activities undertaken in the primary, secondary and tertiary sectors?

The various activities that come under the primary, secondary and tertiary sectors are as follows:

Primary Sector

Agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry, fishing, poultry, farming, mining and quarrying

Secondary Sector

Manufacturing

Tertiary Sector

Trade, transport, communication, banking, education, health, tourism and insurance

7. What is the difference between economic activities and non-economic activities?

The activities that add value to the national income are called Economic activities. 

They can be divided into two types: 

Market activities: The activities performed for pay or profit 

Non-market activities: The production is done for self-consumption.

The activities that do not add any value to the national income are called Non-economic activities. 

The domestic chore is an example of Non-economic activities.

8. Why are women employed in low-paid work?

The women are employed in low-paid work because of the following reasons:

1. A majority of women in the country are less educated than men, 
2. They mainly work in the unorganized sector where they get low wages.
3. Since most of the women are uneducated, they are unaware of their rights and about minimum wages.
4. They are believed physically inferior to men and thus believed to do less work, thus they are paid less.
5. Men are considered more skilful in comparison to women, despite equal physical work. Due to these reasons, women are employed in low-paid work.

9. How will you explain the term unemployment?

1. A situation in which skilled and abled people do not get gainful work at a decent wage is called unemployment. 
2. Both rural and urban areas have unemployment. 
3. In the case of the rural population, there is seasonal unemployment, 
4. In urban areas, there is educated unemployment.

10. What is the difference between disguised unemployment and seasonal unemployment?

Seasonal unemployment is when a person is unable to find a job for a few months of the year. 

This mostly happens for farmers who are unemployed for a part of the year when no crops are grown.

Disguised unemployment is the situation of underemployment where the people are apparently working but all of them are made to work less than their potential. 

11. Why is educated unemployed a peculiar problem in India?

1. Educated unemployment has become a common phenomenon in India. 
2. Youths with matriculation, graduation and post-graduation degrees are unable to get jobs in India. 
3. This is because the education system in India labels anyone above the age of 18 years as eligible to work. 
4. This leaves the youth unskilled and ultimately unemployed. 
5. It is important that an individual who does not only have a degree but must also be skilled enough to get a job.

12. In which field do you think India can build the maximum employment opportunity?

In tertiary sectors, the IT sector and the tourism sector can build many employment opportunities.

In the secondary sector, small-scale industries can build many employment opportunities.

13. Can you suggest some measures in the education system to mitigate the problem of the educated unemployed?

Some measures that can be taken in the education system to mitigate the problem of educated unemployed are as follows:

1. Make secondary-level education more career-oriented. 
2. It enhances the individuals to develop their skills and get better employment opportunities.
3. Vocational education should be encouraged for better-trained work or self-employed.
4. More use of Information Technology (IT) should be added in education.